750 research outputs found
Methodological Fundamentalism: or why Battermanâs Different Notions of âFundamentalismâ may not make a Difference
I argue that the distinctions Robert Batterman (2004) presents between âepistemically fundamentalâ versus âontologically fundamentalâ theoretical approaches can be subsumed by methodologically fundamental procedures. I characterize precisely what is meant by a methodologically fundamental procedure, which involves, among other things, the use of multilinear graded algebras in a theoryâs formalism. For example, one such class of algebras I discuss are the Clifford (or Geometric) algebras. Aside from their being touted by many as a âunified mathematical language for physics,â (Hestenes (1984, 1986) Lasenby, et. al. (2000)) Finkelstein (2001, 2004) and others have demonstrated that the techniques of multilinear algebraic âexpansion and contractionâ exhibit a robust regularizablilty. That is to say, such regularization has been demonstrated to remove singularities, which would otherwise appear in standard field-theoretic, mathematical characterizations of a physical theory. I claim that the existence of such methodologically fundamental procedures calls into question one of Battermanâs central points, that âour explanatory physical practice demands that we appeal essentially to (infinite) idealizationsâ (2003, 7) exhibited, for example, by singularities in the case of modeling critical phenomena, like fluid droplet formation. By way of counterexample, in the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), I discuss the work of Mann & Rockwood (2003) and Gerik Scheuermann, (2002). In the concluding section, I sketch a methodologically fundamental procedure potentially applicable to more general classes of critical phenomena appearing in fluid dynamics
On the second law of thermodynamics
The key purpose of this article is to clarify the foundations of classical
statistical mechanics. It is argued that the relevant concepts and laws, e.g.
probability, ergodicity, entropy and the second law of thermodynamics as well
as the arrow of time, all follow directly from the Gibbs-Liouville theorem in
combination with the fact that any given observer of a system do not possess
infinite knowledge about the initial conditions of the system. The point of
view taken is thus that statistical mechanics is a theoretical framework
applicable when it is not possible to determine the state of a system
completely objectively. This is in contrast to classical mechanics where, by
assumption, it is possible for any given observer to know the state of the
system with infinite precision. For this reason, i.e. the subjectivity of the
observer, the foundational concepts and laws are phrased in terms of the
information possessed by the observer about the system studied
Against Pointillisme about Geometry
This paper forms part of a wider campaign: to deny pointillisme. That is the
doctrine that a physical theory's fundamental quantities are defined at points
of space or of spacetime, and represent intrinsic properties of such points or
point-sized objects located there; so that properties of spatial or
spatiotemporal regions and their material contents are determined by the
point-by-point facts.
More specifically, this paper argues against pointillisme about the structure
of space and-or spacetime itself, especially a paper by Bricker (1993). A
companion paper argues against pointillisme in mechanics, especially about
velocity; it focusses on Tooley, Robinson and Lewis.
To avoid technicalities, I conduct the argument almost entirely in the
context of ``Newtonian'' ideas about space and time. But both the debate and my
arguments carry over to relativistic, and even quantum, physics.Comment: 37 pages Late
On Time chez Dummett
I discuss three connections between Dummett's writings about time and
philosophical aspects of physics.
The first connection (Section 2) arises from remarks of Dummett's about the
different relations of observation to time and to space. The main point is
uncontroversial and applies equally to classical and quantum physics. It
concerns the fact that perceptual processing is so rapid, compared with the
typical time-scale on which macroscopic objects change their observable
properties, that it engenders the idea of a 'common now', spread across space.
The other two connections are specific to quantum theory, as interpreted
along the lines of Everett. So for these two connections, the physics side is
controversial, just as the philosophical side is.
In Section 3, I connect the subjective uncertainty before an Everettian
'splitting' of the multiverse to Dummett's suggestion, inspired by McTaggart,
that a complete, i.e. indexical-free description of a temporal reality is
impossible. And in Section 4, I connect Barbour's denial that time is real---a
denial along the lines of Everett, rather than McTaggart---to Dummett's
suggestion that statements about the past are not determinately true or false,
because they are not effectively decidable.Comment: 25 pages; no figure
Dynamical Emergence of FRW Cosmological Models
Recent astronomical observations strongly indicate that the current Universe
is undergoing an accelerated phase of expansion. The discovery of this fact was
unexpected and resulted in the comeback of cosmological constant. The
conception of standard cosmological model has its roots in this context. The
paper relates to the methodological status of effective theories in the context
of cosmological investigations. We argue that the standard cosmological model
(LCDM model) as well as the CDM have a status of effective theories only,
similarly to the standard model of particle physics. The LCDM model is studied
from the point of view of the methodological debate on reductionism and
epistemological emergence in the science. It is shown in the paper that
bifurcation as well as structural instability notion can be useful in the
detection of emergence the LCDM model from the CDM model. We demonstrate that
the structural stability of the LCDM model can explain the flexibility of the
model to accommodation of the observational data. We show that LCDM model can
be derived from CDM as the bifurcation. It is an example of acausal derivation
of Lambda term. The case study of emergence of LCDM model suggests that it can
be understood in terms of bifurcation and structural stability issue. The
reduction from the upper models represented in terms of dynamical system to
low-level ones can be realized in any case by application of a mathematical
limit (boundary crossing) with respect to the model parameter. It is a simple
consequence of mathematical theorem about smooth dependence solutions with
respect to time, initial condition and the parameters.Comment: 8ssmmp.cls, 14 pages, 3 figures; rev. 2: added section on emergence
from bifurcation; rev. 3: reorganized and shortened text; transition from the
LCDM to CDM model was explicitly shown, for this aim it was used the theorem
on smooth dependence of solution on initial conditions and change of
parameters. In: B. Dragovich, I. Salom (eds) Proceedings of the 8th
Mathematical Physics Meeting: Summer School and Conference on Modern
Mathematical Physics. August 24-31, 2014, Belgrade, Serbia. Institute of
Physics, Belgrade, 201
A Loophole in Bell's Theorem? Parameter Dependence in the Hess-Philipp Model
The hidden-variables model constructed by Karl Hess and Walter Philipp is
claimed by its authors to exploit a "loophole" in Bell's theorem; the claim is
made by Hess and Philipp that the parameters employed in their model extend
beyond those considered by Bell. Furthermore, they claim that their model
satisfies Einstein locality and is free of any "suspicion of spooky action at a
distance." Both of these claims are false; the Hess-Philipp model achieves
agreement with the quantum-mechanical predictions, not by circumventing Bell's
theorem, but via Parameter Dependence.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figure, 1 table. In this version, remarks have been added
to make clearer the relation between the Hess-Philipp model and the simpler
model presented herein. References to related criticisms of Hess and Philipp,
by Gill et al, (quant-ph/0204169) and Mermin (quant-ph/0206118) have also
been added. To be presented at the 18th Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of
Science Association, Milwaukee, Nov. 7-10, 2002. This version matches that
deposited on the PhilSci archive at http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/,
PITT-PHIL-SCI0000069
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